These are just the physicians that are famous for discovering diseases:
Thomas Addison:
Born in April 1793 at Longbenton, Northumberland, Thomas Addison was a renowned physician and scientist that discovered the Addisons disease. His parents were florists and greengrocers. He then attended a grammar school in his local area and later on moved into Edinburgh University. There he was trained and became a house surgeon. He was interested in the study of dermatoloy, the skin which led him to discover the disease Addisons disease which makes a slight discolouration of the skin.
In a few years he started lecturing medical students, he was a shy and unpatient man but was respected by students. He works at Guys Hospital. He died in 1860 on June the 29th.
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Alois Alzheimer:
A neurologist that discovered the diseases 'Alzheimers' was born on the 14th of June 1864. Alois attended many universities throughout Germany then begun his work in a mental health clinic. Later on he studied a patient that was showing signs of memory loss and psycological symptoms. Alois took close attention to his patient and decided to analyze whats was going on. In a few days, his patient died but Alois still carried out his investigation of how the patient died.
Later on he and his partner found the disease in a lab while searching for neurons and fibres that make up the brain. Alois Alheimer then dies of multiple signs of organ failure while he was on a train travelling to the university of Breslau.
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James Parkinson:
James Parkinson was a doctor renowned for discovering 'Parkinsons disease'. James was born in Sureditch, England. He then moved on and became a surgeon. Parkinson found interest in politics and geology. He stayed in politics for quite a while and decided to move onto medicine and science. James Parkinson then discovered the symptoms that would be later on named after him as a disease. He produced some work about his interests. Later on he encouraged his son to discover another disease called 'appendicitis'. James died on December 21st of 1824.
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Daniel Elmer Salmon:
Daniel was born in New Jersey on July the 23rd 1850. He studied at Cornell University and not much was known from him. After a few years he found out the bacterium, Salmonella which would later become a deadly disease found by another scientist.
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Charles Mantoux:
Charles Mantoux was born in 1877 and was the founder of tubercolousis, a deadly disease found in the lungs. He attended the University of Paris and graduated in it. He spent most of his time researching about certain bacteria and publish his work. He died in 1947.
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These are the list of physicians also renowned for helping the wmedical world:
Thomas Addison (1793–1860) - Addison's disease
Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915) - Alzheimer's disease
Albert Calmette (1863–1933)- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a vaccine for tuberculosis
Carlos Chagas (1879–1934) - Chagas disease
Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) - Maladie de Charcot, Charcot joints, Charcot's triad, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Burrill Bernard Crohn (1884–1983) - Crohn's disease
Camillo Golgi (1843–1926) - Golgi apparatus
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (1738–1814) - Guillotine
Charles Mantoux (1877–1947) - Mantoux test for tuberculosis
Antoine Marfan (1858–1942) - Marfan syndrome
Silas Weir Mitchell (1829–1914) - Mitchell's disease
James Paget (1814–1899) - Paget's disease
James Parkinson (1755–1824) - Parkinson's syndrome
Hans Asperger - Asperger syndrome
Karl Adolph von Basedow - Basedow disease
Denis Parsons Burkitt - Burkitt lymphoma
Harvey Cushing - Cushing's disease
John Langdon Down - Down syndrome
Bartolomeo Eustachi - Eustachian tube
Gabriele Falloppio - Fallopian tube
Ernst Gräfenberg - Gräfenberg spot (G-spot)
Gerhard Armauer Hansen - Hansen's disease
Thomas Hodgkin - Hodgkin's disease
George Huntington - Huntington's disease
Moritz Kaposi - Kaposi sarcoma
Daniel Elmer Salmon - Salmonella
Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette - Tourette syndrome